2019考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題、答案【完整版】

1、2019考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題【完整版】SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwd(s)feachnumberedblankmarkABCDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TodayweliveinawldwhereGPSsystemsdigitalmapsothernavigationappsareavailableonour

2、smartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteriesbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneacompassyou4can’tfindnthafewtrickstohelpyounavigate5tocivilizationoneofwhichistof

3、ollowthel...Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrailbutnotinacompletely7areayouhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which8isdownhillinthisparticularareawhereisthenearestwatersourceHumansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleysonsuppliesoffreshwater.9ifyou

4、headdownhillfollowanyH2Oyoufindyoushould10seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexpledtheareabefekeepaneyeoutffamiliarsights—youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverocktreecanresteyourbearings.Another12:Climbhighlookfsignsofhuman

5、habitation.13evenindensefestyoushouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroadstraintracksotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnightscanthehizonf17lightsourcessuchasfiresstreetlightsthenwalktowardt

6、heglowoflightpollution.20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]exposeSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)T

7、ext1FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyearanyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationfwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“

8、clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountablefharmfulrisktakingtorestepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopefamuchlargerbenefit:melongtermdecisionmakingnotonlybybanksbutalsobuallcpationstobuildastrongereconomyf

9、futuregenerations.“Shttermism”thedesirefquickprofitshaswsenedinpubliclytradedcompaniessaystheBankofEngl’stopeconomist.rewHaldane.HequotesagiantofclassicaleconomiesAlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasacting

10、like“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimefholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesBritainhenoteshaspedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transie

11、ntinvestswhodemhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompaniescanhinderafirm’sefftstoinvestinlongtermresearchtobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”.Inadditionnewdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmerapidtradingofeq

12、uitiesquickeruseofinfmationthusshtensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshttermthinkingattheexpenseoflongterminvesting”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesExchangeCommissioninspeec

13、hthisweek.IntheUStheSarbanesOxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperfmancebonusesfseniexecutivesbyaboutayearslightlyhelpingreduce“shttermism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantia

14、lpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperfmance.Muchmecouldbedonetoencourage“l(fā)ongtermism”suchaschangesinthetaxcodequickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFranceshareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentfatleasttwoyearscansometime

15、searnmevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompaniestherightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesfexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasanint