計算機外文翻譯--- windows管理規(guī)范

1、<p><b>　　附錄</b></p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Windows Management Instrumentation</p><p>　　Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) (or Windows Management

2、 Interface) is a set of extensions to the Windows Driver Model that provides an operating system interface through which instrumented components provide information and notification. WMI is Microsoft's implementation

3、 of the Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Common Information Model (CIM) standards from the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF).</p><p>　　WMI allows scripting languages like VBScript or Windows

4、 PowerShell to manage Microsoft Windows personal computers and servers, both locally and remotely. WMI is preinstalled in Windows 2000 and newer OSs. It is available as a download for Windows NT, Windows 95 and Windows 9

5、8.</p><p>　　1 Purpose of WMI</p><p>　　The purpose of WMI is to define a non-proprietary set of environment-independent specifications which allow management information to be shared between mana

6、gement applications. WMI prescribes enterprise management standards and related technologies that work with existing management standards, such as Desktop Management Interface (DMI) and SNMP. WMI complements these other

7、standards by providing a uniform model. This model represents the managed environment through which management data from any</p><p>　　2 Overview</p><p>　　In order to unify the management techniq

8、ues for the sake of simplicity, the DMTF defined CIM to represent real-world manageable entities in a unified way.The CIM object model is an object database model using terms and semantics that are unique to all construc

9、tors and software developers. This object model is implemented in a database called the CIM repository.</p><p>　　Based on the CIM model, WMI includes real-world manageable components, available from the DMTF

10、 standards with some specific extensions that represent the various Windows components. Moreover, WMI exposes a collection of </p><p>　　COM-scriptable objects that allow various applications to take advantag

11、e of the management information.</p><p>　　As part of the installation process, most of the Microsoft applications available today (e.g. SQL Server, Exchange Server, Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer, Host

12、Integration Server, Automated Deployment Services) extend the standard CIM object model to add the representation of their manageable entities in the CIM repository. This representation is called a WMI class, and it expo

13、ses information through properties and allows the execution of some actions via methods. The access to the manageab</p><p>　　To locate the huge amount of management information available from the CIM reposit

14、ory, WMI comes with a SQL-like language called the WMI Query Language (WQL).</p><p>　　3 Development process</p><p>　　Because WMI abstracts the manageable entities with CIM and a collection of pr

15、oviders, the development of a provider implies several steps. The major steps can be summarized as follows:</p><p>　　Step 1 – Create the manageable entity model</p><p>　　Define a model</p>

16、<p>　　Implement the model</p><p>　　Step 2 – Create the WMI Provider</p><p>　　Determines the provider type to implement</p><p>　　Determines the hosting model of the provider&l

17、t;/p><p>　　Create the provider template with the ATL wizard</p><p>　　Implement the code logic in the provider</p><p>　　Register the provider with WMI and the system</p><p>

18、;　　Step 3 – Test the provider</p><p>　　Step 4 – Create consumer sample code</p><p>　　4 Importance of WMI providers</p><p>　　Since the release of the first WMI implementation during

19、the Windows NT 4.0 SP4 era (as an out-of-band download), Microsoft has consistently added WMI providers to Windows. Under Windows NT 4.0, Microsoft had roughly 15 WMI providers available once WMI was installed. When Wind

20、ows 2000 was released, there were 29 WMI providers as part of the operating system installation. With the release of Windows Server 2003, Microsoft included in the platform more than 80 WMI providers. Windows Vista inclu

21、des</p><p>　　During these last years, due to a constant increasing exposure of management data through WMI in Windows, more and more people in the IT systems management field started to develop scripts and a

22、utomation procedures based on WMI. Beyond the scripting needs, most leading management software in the world, such as MOM, SMS, ADS, HP OpenView for Windows (HPOV), BMC Software or CA, Inc. are WMI-enabled and capable to

23、 consume and provide WMI information through various User Interfaces. This enables adm</p><p>　　5 Features</p><p>　　For someone willing to develop one or many WMI providers, WMI offers many feat

24、ures out of the box. Here are the most important advantages:</p><p>　　(1) Automation interfaces: Because WMI comes with a set of automation interfaces ready to use, all management features supported by a WMI

25、 provider and its set of classes get the scripting support for free out-of-the box. Beyond the WMI class design and the provider development, the Microsoft development and test teams are not required to create, validate

26、and test a scripting model as it is already available from WMI.</p><p>　　(2) .NET Management interfaces:Because the System.Management namespace [6] relies on the existing COM/DCOM plumbing, the created WMI p

27、rovider and its set of WMI classes becomes automatically available to all .NET applications independently of the language used (e.g. C#, VB.NET). Beyond the WMI class design and the provider development, like for scripti

28、ng, the Microsoft development and test teams are not required to create, validate and test new assemblies to support a new namespace in the .NET F</p><p>　　(3) C/C++ COM/DCOM programming interfaces:Like most

29、 components in Windows, COM/DCOM programmers can leverage the features of the provider they develop at the COM/DCOM interfaces level. Like in previous environments (scripting and .NET Framework), a COM/DCOM consumer just

30、 needs to interact with the standard set of WMI COM interfaces to leverage the WMI provider capabilities and its set of supported WMI classes. To make all management information available from the native APIs, the WMI pr

31、ovider de</p><p>　　(4) Remoting capabilities over DCOM and SOAP:More than simply offering local COM capabilities, as management is all about remoting, WMI offers the DCOM transport. In addition, SOAP transpo

32、rt will be available in Windows Server 2003 R2 through the WS-Management initiative lead by Microsoft, Intel, Sun Microsystems and Dell. This initiative allows to run any scripts remotely or to consume WMI data through a

33、 specific set of interfaces handling SOAP requests/responses. The advantage for the WMI prov</p><p>　　(5) Support for Queries:WMI offers support for WQL queries out of the box. This means that if a provider

34、is not designed to support queries, WMI supports it by using an enumeration technique out of the provider.</p><p>　　(6) Eventing capabilities:WMI offers the capability to notify a subscriber for any event it

35、 is interested in. WMI uses the WMI Query Language (WQL) to submit WQL event queries and defines the type of events to be returned. The eventing mechanism, with all related callbacks, is part of the WMI COM/DCOM and auto

36、mation interfaces. Anyone writing a WMI provider can have the benefit of this functionality at no cost for his customers. It will be up to the consumer to decide how it wants to consume the</p><p>　　(7) Code

37、 template generator:To speed up the process of writing a WMI provider including all COM/DCOM interfaces and related definitions, the WMI team developed the WMI ATL Wizard to generate the code template implementing a prov

38、ider. The code generated is based on the WMI class model initially designed by the developer. The WMI provider developer will be able to interface the pre-defined COM/DCOM interfaces for the WMI provider with its set of

39、native APIs retrieving the management information to</p><p>　　(8) Predictability:Predictability is an important concern for our customers because it defines the capability of someone having an experience wit

40、h a set of interfaces managing a Windows component to apply this knowledge right away, intuitively, to any other manageable Windows component without having relearn everything from ground up. Predictability for a custome

41、r is a real gain as it increases the Return of Investment (ROI). A person facing such a situation simply expects things to work the sam</p><p>　　(9) Protect existing customer investments:Protecting customers

42、 and partners investment motivates customers to invest in technologies. As Microsoft did invest a lot these past years in writing WMI providers, customers and partners invested in tools leveraging the WMI capabilities of

43、 Windows. Therefore, they naturally continue to exploit these capabilities instead of having to use a new set of specific interfaces for each Windows manageable component. A specific set of interfaces means having a sp&l

44、t;/p><p>　　(10) Provide a logical and unified administration model:As briefly described before in the introduction, this model is based on an industry standard called CIM defined by the DMTF (http://www.dmtf.or

45、g). The CIM class-based schema is defined by a consortium of constructors and software developers that meets the requirements of the industry. This implies that not only Microsoft leverages the WMI capabilities, but also

46、 any other third party constructors or developers write their own code to fit int</p><p>　　6 WMI tools</p><p>　　Some WMI tools can also be useful during the design and development phases. These

47、tools are:</p><p>　　The MOF compiler (MOFComp.exe):The Managed Object Format (MOF) compiler parses a file containing Managed Object Format statements and adds the classes and class instances defined in the f

48、ile to the CIM repository. The MOF format is a specific syntax to define CIM class representation in an ASCII file (e.g. MIB are to SNMP what MOF files are to CIM). MOFComp.exe is included in every WMI installation. Ever

49、y definition existing in the CIM repository is initially defined in an MOF file. MOF files ar</p><p>　　The WMI Administrative Tools:The WMI Administrative Tools are made of four tools: WMI CIM Studio, WMI Ob

50、ject Browser, WMI Event Registration and WMI Event Viewer. WMI Administrative Tools can be downloaded here. The most important tool for a WMI provider developer is WMI CIM Studio as it helps in the initial WMI class crea

51、tion in the CIM repository. It uses a web interface to display information and relies on a collection of ActiveX components installed on the system when it runs for the first t</p><p>　　Connect to a chosen s

52、ystem and browse the CIM repository in any namespace available.</p><p>　　Search for classes by their name, by their descriptions or by property names.</p><p>　　Review the properties, methods and

53、 associations related to a given class.</p><p>　　See the instances available for a given class of the examined system.</p><p>　　Perform Queries in the WQL language.</p><p>　　Generat

54、e an MOF file based on selected classes.</p><p>　　Compile an MOF file to load it in the CIM repository.</p><p>　　WinMgmt.exe:WinMgmt.exe is not a tool; it is the executable that implements the W

55、MI Core service. Under the Windows NT family of operating systems, WMI runs as a service. On computers running Windows 98, Windows 95 or Windows Me, WMI runs as an application. Under the Windows NT family of operating sy

56、stems, it is also possible to run this executable as an application, in which case, the executable runs in the current user context. For this, the WMI service must be stopped first. The executable su</p><p>

57、　　WBEMTest.exe:WBEMTest.exe is a WMI tester tool, which is delivered with WMI. This tool allows an administrator or a developer to perform most of the tasks from a graphical interface that WMI provides at the API level.

58、Although available under all Windows NT-based operating systems, this tool is not officially supported by Microsoft. WBEMTest provides the ability to: </p><p>　　Enumerate, open, create and delete classes.<

59、;/p><p>　　Enumerate, open, create and delete instances of classes.</p><p>　　Select a namespace.</p><p>　　Perform data and event queries.</p><p>　　Execute methods associate

60、d to classes or instances.</p><p>　　Execute every WMI operation asynchronously, synchronously or semi-asynchronously.</p><p>　　The WMI command line tool (WMIC): WMIC is a command-line tool desig

61、ned to ease WMI information retrieval about a system by using some simple keywords (aliases). WMIC.exe is only available under Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. By typin

62、g “WMIC /?” from the command-line, a complete list of the switches and reserved keywords is available. ( windows vista users, "WMIC /?" won't work, instead type only "/?" ) </p><p>　　

63、There is a Linux port of WMI command line tool, written in Python, based on Samba4 called 'wmi-client' .</p><p>　　WBEMDump.exe:WBEMDump is a tool delivered with the Platform SDK. This command line to

64、ol comes with its own Visual C++ project. The tool can show the CIM repository classes, instances, or both. It is possible to retrieve the same information as that retrieved with WMIC. WBEMDump.exe requires more specific

65、 knowledge about WMI, as it doesn’t abstract WMI as WMIC. However, it runs under Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. It is also possible to execute methods exposed by classes or instances. Even if i</p><p>　　7

66、Background on the introduction of WMI </p><p>　　Total cost of ownership (or TCO)—the real cost of maintaining a distributed personal computer network—extends far beyond the initial purchase of hardware an

67、d software. TCO includes the deployment and configuration expense, costs associated with deploying hardware and software updates, training and retraining, day-to-day maintenance and administration, and telephone and on-s

68、ite technical support. With these escalating costs in mind, Microsoft® and others are working together on several initiative</p><p>　　Key among these efforts is Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM), a

69、n industry initiative that establishes management infrastructure standards and provides a way to combine information from various hardware and software management systems. WBEM specifies standards for a unifying architec

70、ture that allows access to data from a variety of underlying technologies and platforms, and presents that data in a consistent fashion. Management applications can then use this information to create solutions t</p&g

71、t;<p>　　Microsoft Windows Management Instrumentation (or WMI) is WBEM-compliant, and provides a consistent and richly descriptive model of the configuration, status, and operational aspects of the Microsoft Window

72、s® 2000 operating system. Used in conjunction with other management services provided in Windows 2000, WMI can simplify the task of developing well-integrated management applications, allowing vendors to provide Win

73、dows 2000 customers with scalable, effective enterprise management solutions.</p><p>　　8 WBEM Overview</p><p>　　Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) is an industry initiative to develop a stan

74、dardized, non-proprietary means for accessing and sharing management information in an enterprise network. WBEM will result in technology that enables customers to collect, associate, and aggregate management data from d

75、iverse sources, thus creating richer and more accurate views of their enterprise environments. The WBEM initiative is intended to solve the problem of collecting end-to-end management and diagnostic</p><p>　

76、　Typically, enterprise management has been tied to different protocols and interfaces for different disciplines; for example, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has been used for network management, and the Deskto

77、p Management Interface (DMI) has been used for desktop systems management. WBEM assumes that enterprise network management requires tools that work together to provide a single, shared model for the collection of managem

78、ent information. WBEM provides this common model and data sou</p><p>　　In summary, WBEM is not browser-based, nor is it a user interface (UI) tool, a data repository, a network management protocol, a compone

79、nt model, or a registry, directory, or file system replacement. WBEM is an initiative that proposes a set of standards for managing the enterprise network. These management standards:</p><p>　　Define the str

80、uctures and conventions necessary to access information about the managed objects.</p><p>　　Support centralization of information so that different clients and management tools can provide, retrieve, and ana

81、lyze data.</p><p>　　Support authorized access to managed objects from anywhere in the network so that these objects can be analyzed and manipulated.</p><p><b>　　譯文： </b></p>

82、<p>　　Windows管理規(guī)范</p><p>　　Windows管理規(guī)范（WMI）（或Windows管理接口）是一個對Windows驅(qū)動程序模型，提供了一個操作系統(tǒng)的界面，提供組件的信息和通知的擴展集。WMI是微軟在基于Web的企業(yè)管理（WBEM）和通用信息模型（CIM）標準的實施由分布式管理任務(wù)組（DMTF）。</p><p>　　它允許像VBScript或Windows

83、 PowerShell的腳本語言來管理Microsoft Windows個人電腦和服務(wù)器，在本地和遠程。WMI是預(yù)裝在Windows 2000和較新的操作系統(tǒng)。也可以作為一個用于Windows NT，Windows 95和Windows 98的下載。</p><p><b>　　1 WMI的目的</b></p><p>　　WMI的目的是定義一個環(huán)境，允許獨立的規(guī)范管

84、理的信息管理應(yīng)用程序之間共享的非專有集。 WMI規(guī)定企業(yè)管理標準，如相關(guān)，技術(shù)，與現(xiàn)有的管理標準桌面管理接口 （DMI）和SNMP。WMI的補充，是通過提供一個統(tǒng)一的模型和其他標準。這種模式代表了環(huán)境管理，通過從任何源頭管理的數(shù)據(jù)都可以在一個共同的方式來訪問。</p><p><b>　　2 概述</b></p><p>　　為了統(tǒng)一和簡單起見管理技術(shù)，以計算機集成制

85、造為代表的DMTF定義在一個統(tǒng)一的方式真實世界的管理實體。CIM對象模型是一個對象數(shù)據(jù)庫模型使用條款和語義所特有的所有建設(shè)者和軟件開發(fā)人員。此對象模型的數(shù)據(jù)庫中實現(xiàn)所謂的CIM庫。</p><p>　　基于CIM模型，包括現(xiàn)實世界的管理組件，從一些代表的各種Windows組件特定的擴展提供了的DMTF標準。此外，它暴露了COM的腳本對象，允許不同的應(yīng)用程序以管理信息優(yōu)勢的集合。 </p>&l

86、t;p>　　在部分的安裝過程中，現(xiàn)今的Microsoft應(yīng)用程序提供如SQL服務(wù)器，Exchange服務(wù)器，微軟Office，IE瀏覽器，主機集成服務(wù)器，自動部署服務(wù)（最）延長標準的CIM對象模型來增加其管理的實體的代表在CIM庫。這種表示被稱為一個WMI類，通過屬性和它公開的信息，并允許通過一些行動的方法執(zhí)行。到了訪問控制的實體通過一個軟件組件，稱為“提供者”，這僅僅是一個DLL執(zhí)行一個COM對象的C / C + +編寫的。因為

87、一個供應(yīng)商的目的是訪問某些特定的管理信息，CIM的倉庫也將所謂的邏輯命名空間分為幾個方面。每個命名空間包含其具體到一個管理區(qū)（即活動目錄，RootSNMP RootDirectoryDAP的SNMP信息或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)的信息RootMicrosoftIISv2相關(guān)類的供應(yīng)商集）。要找到管理信息庫提供的大量的CIM，WMI的配備了一個類似于SQL的所謂的WMI查詢語言（WQL）語言。</p><p><b&g

88、t;　　3 發(fā)展歷程</b></p><p>　　因為WMI與CIM和摘要的供應(yīng)商管理的實體集合中，一個供應(yīng)商發(fā)展意味著幾個步驟。主要的步驟可歸納如下： </p><p>　　第1步 -創(chuàng)建可管理的實體模型 </p><p><b>　　定義一個模型 </b></p><p><b>　　實施模式

89、</b></p><p>　　第2步 -創(chuàng)建WMI提供程序 </p><p>　　確定了供應(yīng)商類型實施 </p><p>　　決定了提供托管模式 </p><p>　　提供的模板創(chuàng)建使用ATL向?qū)?</p><p>　　在實施供應(yīng)商代碼邏輯 </p><p>　　注冊與WMI和系統(tǒng)供

90、應(yīng)商 </p><p>　　第3步 -測試供應(yīng)商 </p><p>　　第4步 -創(chuàng)建消費者的示例代碼</p><p>　　4 WMI提供程序的重要性</p><p>　　自第一次執(zhí)行的WMI在Windows NT 4.0 SP4的時代，（作為一個徹頭徹尾的帶下載)微軟一直將WMI提供程序到Windows發(fā)布。在Windows NT 4.0，

91、微軟已經(jīng)提供約15個 WMI提供程序。當(dāng)Windows 2000發(fā)布時，有29 個WMI提供程序作為操作系統(tǒng)安裝的一部分。隨著Windows Server 2003的發(fā)布，微軟在該平臺包括80多個WMI提供程序。Windows Vista包含13個新的WMI提供程序，以數(shù)量接近100個左右都和Windows Server 2008包含一些包括IIS 7中，PowerShell以及虛擬化供應(yīng)商。這一直是許多客戶在成為微軟WMI的標志，“無

92、處不在”的視窗管理層，即使這一承諾微軟從未明確。</p><p>　　在這最后幾年，由于不斷增加的風(fēng)險管理數(shù)據(jù)通過WMI在集成Windows中，在IT系統(tǒng)管理領(lǐng)域越來越多的人開始發(fā)展自動化程序的腳本和WMI的基礎(chǔ)。除了腳本的需要，世界上最領(lǐng)先的管理軟件，如中間件，短信，廣告，惠普OpenView的Windows（HPOV），BMC軟件公司或CA公司是WMI的功能和能力，并提供消費信息通過各種用戶界面。這使得管理人

93、員和經(jīng)營者，不能學(xué)習(xí)它的腳本或有關(guān)的WMI編程，甚至沒有享受關(guān)于WMI的好處。但是，如果他們愿意，可以使他們有機會從消費的WMI腳本或任何企業(yè)管理軟件獲取WMI的感知信息。</p><p><b>　　5 WMI的特點</b></p><p>　　有人愿意開發(fā)一個或多個WMI提供程序，WMI提供了許多功能開箱即用。這里是最重要的優(yōu)點：</p><p

94、>　?。?）自動化接口：因為WMI與自動化接口來設(shè)置即可使用，所有的管理功能，通過一個WMI提供者及其支持的類的集合獲得免費外的盒子腳本支持。除了WMI類的設(shè)計和供應(yīng)商的發(fā)展，微軟公司開發(fā)和測試團隊并不需要創(chuàng)建，驗證和測試腳本模型，因為它已經(jīng)從WMI提供。</p><p>　?。?）網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理接口：由于System.Management命名空間[6]在現(xiàn)有的COM / DCOM的管道為依托，創(chuàng)建的WMI提供程

95、序和WMI的類的集合成為自動向所有人提供。獨立于語言NET應(yīng)用程序使用（如C＃，VB.NET）。除了WMI類的設(shè)計和供應(yīng)商的發(fā)展，比如對腳本，微軟開發(fā)和測試團隊并不需要創(chuàng)建，驗證和測試新的程序集，以支持在.NET框架的新的命名空間的支持，因為這已經(jīng)是從WMI供免費。 </p><p>　?。?）C / C + +的COM / DCOM的編程接口：在Windows中一樣，COM / DCOM的程序員可以利用的

96、零部件供應(yīng)商的大部分功能在他們開發(fā)的COM / DCOM接口的水平。像在以前的環(huán)境（腳本和。NET框架），一個COM / DCOM的消費者只需要互動與WMI的一套標準的COM接口來利用WMI提供支持的能力和其的WMI類。為了使所有管理信息從本機API可用，WMI提供程序開發(fā)人員只需要一個互動的預(yù)先定義的WMI的COM接口。這將使管理信息在一級現(xiàn)有的WMI的COM自動。此外，腳本對象模型COM接口是非常類似的COM / DCOM接口的對象

97、模型，這使得它便于開發(fā)人員的經(jīng)驗與熟悉的腳本。</p><p>　?。?）在遠程DCOM和SOAP的能力：不是簡單地提供更多的本地COM能力，因為管理是關(guān)于遠程處理的，提供了DCOM的交通工具。此外，SOAP傳輸將在Windows Server 2003通過微軟的WS - R2的管理主動引導(dǎo)，英特爾，Sun和戴爾。這一舉措允許遠程運行任何腳本或消耗通過處理SOAP請求/響應(yīng)接口，具體設(shè)置WMI數(shù)據(jù)。為WMI提供程

98、序開發(fā)人員的好處是，當(dāng)他通過WMI公開他的所有功能，Windows遠程管理/ WS管理可反過來消耗的信息，以及（嵌入在WMI對象沒有實例在Windows Server 2003 R2的支持。這是但是一為遠景目標）。所有的分層，以WS管理與CIM的數(shù)據(jù)模型映射到SOAP來為的WMI / WS管理解決方案解脫出來。在事件的DCOM必須使用，實施DCOM的要求在每個客戶機上部署了一個代理DLL存在。由于WMI是自Windows 2000中的W

99、indows作業(yè)系統(tǒng)提供，這些問題被淘汰。</p><p>　　（5）對查詢支持：支持的WMI提供的WQL查詢開箱。這意味著，如果供應(yīng)商不是為了支持查詢，通過使用WMI的支持枚舉出來的技術(shù)提供商。</p><p>　?。?）三項賽能力：WMI的能力提供了一個通知，無論如何它所處的WMI使用WMI查詢語言（WQL）提交的WQL事件查詢，并確定類型的事件感興趣退還訂戶。該事件機制與所有相關(guān)回調(diào)

100、，是一部分的WMI的COM / DCOM和自動化接口。任何人都寫一個WMI提供者可以在沒有他的客戶的成本，此功能效益。這將是最多的消費者來決定如何要消耗管理信息由WMI提供程序及其相關(guān)設(shè)置WMI類暴露。 </p><p>　　（7）代碼模板生成器：為了加快編寫WMI提供包括所有的COM / DCOM的接口和有關(guān)的定義過程中，WMI的團隊開發(fā)的WMI的ATL向?qū)傻拇a模板實施供應(yīng)商。生成的代碼是在WMI類最初