建筑施工質(zhì)量管理外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Construction project quality management</p><p>　　With the development of our national economy, the construction industry has been moving in the direction of diversification development, the constr

2、uction industry in China's economic development plays a very important role. Construction project management is directly related to the project quality, cost management, personnel security, business efficiency, matte

3、r to an enterprise even of vital importance, but our country architectural engineering management at present there exist many deficiencie</p><p>　　In our construction management, to establish a comprehensive

4、 project of our country construction management system, mainly because of a lack of management theory and experience in china. Establishment of construction project management system is a specialized and professional iss

5、ues, its implementation must by the senior building subject experts and has extensive experience in management to organize, the only way to achieve. Foreign construction industry in both technology and theory are more ad

6、</p><p>　　Strengthen the construction of quality management, establishing the quality assurance system, the quality of Engineering work. Engineering construction enterprise according to the quality assurance

7、 system, form effective quality assurance system, establish the quality policy, so as to make it more prescriptive, systematization and maneuverability. To be human, material and machinery of various elements of an effec

8、tive combination of. First of all, one is to control the quality of the core, take </p><p>　　At this stage of construction project management has been paid more and more attention, project cost management is

9、 project management indispensable content. Project management essential characteristic can be reflected by the project cost management. First, establish project cost management responsibility system. Project management c

10、ost responsibility, unlike the responsibility, responsibility is not equal to the cost responsibility complete complete. At the completion of work responsibility at t</p><p>　　In order to ensure the governme

11、nt supervision effectiveness and authority, should improve the overall quality of the supervision team. Therefore, strengthening the construction of quality supervision of construction quality management study, so that t

12、he supervision and professional qualities. In addition, quality supervision means also to continue to improve, increase the detection equipment, make supervision work has greatly the content of science and technology, to

13、 realize the modernization of</p><p>　　Any construction projects and other construction projects recently, in size, degree of technical complexity, or engineering properties may have many differences, but th

14、e project management has a lot in common. In the current fierce competition in the market, some engineering company in maintaining and developing the original market areas can also continue to develop and adapt to the ne

15、w market. In the competition continue to grow and develop, while others stagnate before, continued to shrink, an</p><p>　　Effects of many factors on the quality of construction projects, such as building str

16、ucture mismatch, tilt, collapse, destruction, crack, seepage, water leakage, poor rigidity, strength is insufficient, section size is accurate, however, investigate its reason, can be summarized as follows:</p>&l

17、t;p>　　( 1) against the building program. If not through feasibility argumentation, make investigation on decided yet; not clear engineering geology, hydrology geology brash start; undocumented design; without any modi

18、fications to the design, construction; not according to the drawings; the completion of the project is to test running, without acceptance on delivery of some phenomenon, cause many project save the serious hidden danger

19、, house collapse accidents have also occurred.</p><p>　　Engineering geological investigation of reason ( 2 ). Not serious geological investigation, provide geological data, data error. Geological exploration

20、, borehole spacing is too big, can not fully reflect the actual situation foundation, such as when the bedrock surface fluctuation is large, soft soil layer thickness is also very big; geological exploration drilling dep

21、th is not enough, did not find underground soft soil, landslide, grave, hole formation; geological survey report in detail, such </p><p>　　( 3) without reinforcement treatment of foundation. On the weak soil

22、, dredger fill, miscellaneous soil, collapsible loess, expansive soil, rock outcropping, lava, soil hole uneven foundation reinforcement treatment or not handled properly, that led to the great cause of quality problems.

23、 According to different characteristics of foundation engineering, foundation treatment should be in accordance with the superstructure and combination, make its work principle, from the foundation treatment meas</p&g

24、t;<p>　　( 4 ) design calculation problem. Inadequate design, structure unreasonable, the calculation sketch is not correct, computational load is too small, internal force analysis is incorrect, settlement joint a

25、nd the expansion joint is arranged properly, the overhanging structure without overturning inspection, are induced by the quality problems. Such as a retaining wall engineering design without a clear understanding of the

26、 engineering geological conditions, construction and not on site verificati</p><p>　　Project management measures</p><p>　　. 1 must be built and perfect engineering management responsibility syst

27、em, make clear a key, fulfil responsibility</p><p>　　The establishment and improvement of project management responsibility system, engineering management is smooth, responsibility is clear, whether the oper

28、ation is effective, is to strengthen project management must first solve the problem. Salaried qualification standard limit, such as seventeen bureau of China railway construction enterprises, in the future for quite a p

29、eriod, the survival and development of the field of railway, highway, located in the municipal engineering construction market</p><p>　　. 2 to establish and improve the engineering department ( a subsidiary

30、company) as the main body of the construction management system.</p><p>　　This kind of system requirement engineering department or subsidiaries must be to establish the construction scheme, the configuratio

31、n of factor of production, heavy and difficult engineering monitor. The project is mainly responsible for the Ministry of construction program implementation, design changes, the daily management and all internal and ext

32、ernal relations; company headquarters mainly grasps the organization and coordination, heavy and difficult engineering breakthrough and supervision</p><p>　　Good with the owner, design units and local govern

33、ment relations; company mainly grasps the policy measures, difficult technical advisory services, key and difficult engineering supervision and inspection. Engineering management department especially scheduling, always

34、grasp the situation, unobstructed information feedback channel, solve the problems that cannot be solved.</p><p>　　隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,建筑行業(yè)已經(jīng)朝著多元化方向發(fā)展,建筑行業(yè)在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起著非常重要的作用。而建筑工程管理工作直接關(guān)系到工程的質(zhì)量、成本管理、人員的安全、企業(yè)的經(jīng)營效益,甚至關(guān)系到

35、企業(yè)的生死存亡,但是我國建筑工程管理在現(xiàn)階段存在許多的不足:管理體制不健全。我國大部分的建筑工程為了節(jié)約人員開支,減少了建筑工程管理機(jī)構(gòu)的人員數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。管理制度深入性不足。建筑行業(yè)的相關(guān)管理制度都是由一些著名的建筑行業(yè)專家等共同研究制定的,但是在各建筑單位中就只是一張紙,他們也都只是為了應(yīng)付上級的檢查,并不能應(yīng)用到建筑工程管理上。</p><p>　　在我國建筑工程管理工作中,難以全面確立我國建筑工程管理思路體

36、系,主要是因?yàn)槲覈狈芾砝碚摵徒?jīng)驗(yàn)。建立建筑工程管理思路體系是專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的問題,其實(shí)施必須由資深的建筑學(xué)科專家和具有豐富工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的管理人員來組織,只有這樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。國外建筑行業(yè)無論是技術(shù)還是理論都比較先進(jìn),因此我國在建筑工程管理思路體系的建立過程中,必須借鑒國外的先進(jìn)理念,另外,還必須吸取先進(jìn)的建筑工程管理方法,并對各方面的資料加以綜合和整體?？傊?要想確保我國建筑工程管理工作的有序進(jìn)行,必須以健全的工程管理思路體系作為建筑工程總體管

37、理水平提升的基本保障</p><p>　　加強(qiáng)施工質(zhì)量管理,建立合理可行的質(zhì)量保證體系,將工程的質(zhì)量工作落到實(shí)處。工程施工企業(yè)要根據(jù)質(zhì)量保證體系,形成行之有效的質(zhì)量保證系統(tǒng),樹立質(zhì)量方針,從而讓其更加有指令性、系統(tǒng)性及可操作性。要將人、材料和機(jī)械各個(gè)要素有效結(jié)合起來。首先,人是質(zhì)量控制的核心,要把人作為控制的推動力,充分調(diào)動人的積極性,樹立工程質(zhì)量第一的觀念。其次,施工材料作為建筑產(chǎn)品的主體,對材料質(zhì)量的控制是工

38、程質(zhì)量控制的關(guān)鍵。最后,工程施工的機(jī)械是進(jìn)行施工機(jī)械化的主要標(biāo)志,對現(xiàn)代化項(xiàng)目施工起到不可缺少的作用,它直接影響了施工項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量,所以,選好用好工程機(jī)械設(shè)備非常重要。所以,應(yīng)該根據(jù)工程項(xiàng)目的具體特點(diǎn),綜合考慮各種環(huán)境因素,實(shí)施有效的施工現(xiàn)場控制,為保證施工質(zhì)量及安全創(chuàng)造良好的外部條件。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)階段建筑工程管理越來越受到人們的重視,項(xiàng)目成本管理是工程管理不可或缺的內(nèi)容。工程管理本質(zhì)特征可以由項(xiàng)

39、目成本管理體現(xiàn)出來。首先,建立項(xiàng)目成本管理責(zé)任制。項(xiàng)目管理人員的成本責(zé)任,不同于工作責(zé)任,工作責(zé)任完成不等于成本責(zé)任完成。在完成工作責(zé)任的同時(shí),還應(yīng)考慮成本責(zé)任的實(shí)施,進(jìn)一步明確成本管理責(zé)任,使每個(gè)管理者都有成本管理意識,做到精打細(xì)算。其次,對施工隊(duì)實(shí)行分包成本控制。項(xiàng)目部與施工隊(duì)之間建立特定勞務(wù)合同關(guān)系,項(xiàng)目部有權(quán)對施工隊(duì)的進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量、安全和現(xiàn)場管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督管理,同時(shí)按合同支付勞務(wù)費(fèi)用。再次,施工隊(duì)成本的控制,由施工隊(duì)自身管理,項(xiàng)

40、目部不應(yīng)該過多干預(yù)。</p><p>　　為了保證政府監(jiān)督工作的有效性和權(quán)威性,應(yīng)該提高監(jiān)督隊(duì)伍的整體素質(zhì)。因此,加強(qiáng)建筑工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量管理的學(xué)習(xí),從而使得監(jiān)督隊(duì)伍的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)得以提高。另外,質(zhì)量監(jiān)督手段也要不斷進(jìn)行完善,增加檢測設(shè)備,使得監(jiān)督工作具有較大科技的含量,實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督工作的現(xiàn)代化。從建設(shè)市場的整體來看,市場運(yùn)行的規(guī)則不夠完善。執(zhí)法不嚴(yán),違法不究的現(xiàn)象常常會出現(xiàn)。工程質(zhì)量受到危害在很大程度上都是由于建

41、設(shè)市場的混亂所造成的。因此,政府必須建立健全的運(yùn)行規(guī)則,保證這些規(guī)則能夠真正落實(shí)處。</p><p>　　任何一個(gè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目和其他建設(shè)項(xiàng)目比來，在規(guī)模大小，技術(shù)復(fù)雜程度，或者工程性質(zhì)上可能有許多不同之處，但是在工程管理上有許多相同之處。在當(dāng)前激烈的市場競爭中，有的工程公司在保持發(fā)展原有的市場領(lǐng)域上還能夠不斷地開拓并適應(yīng)新的市場。在競爭中不斷發(fā)展壯大，而有的公司卻停滯下前，不斷萎縮，甚至退出市場走向衰亡，究其原因就是

42、沒有建立起一套先進(jìn)、科學(xué)。靈活的工程管理機(jī)制。</p><p>　　影響施工項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量的因素很多，諸如建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)位、傾斜、倒塌、破壞、開裂、滲水、漏水、剛度差、強(qiáng)度不足、斷面尺寸不精確等，但究其原因，可以歸納如下：</p><p>　?。?）違背建筑程序。如不經(jīng)可行性論證，不作調(diào)查分析就拍板定案；沒有搞清工程地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)就倉促開工；無證設(shè)計(jì)；無圖施工；任意修改設(shè)計(jì)，不按圖施工；工程竣工不

43、進(jìn)行試車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，不經(jīng)驗(yàn)收就交付使用等若干現(xiàn)象，致使不少工程項(xiàng)目留有嚴(yán)重隱患，房屋倒塌事故也時(shí)有發(fā)生。</p><p>　?。?）工程地質(zhì)勘察原因。未認(rèn)真進(jìn)行地質(zhì)勘察，提供的地質(zhì)資料，數(shù)據(jù)有誤。地質(zhì)勘察時(shí)，鉆孔間距太大，不能全面反映地基的實(shí)際情況，如當(dāng)基巖面起伏變化較大時(shí)，軟土層厚薄相差亦甚大；地質(zhì)勘察鉆孔深度不夠，沒有查地下軟土層、滑坡、墓穴、孔洞等地層構(gòu)造；地質(zhì)勘察報(bào)告不詳細(xì)、不準(zhǔn)確等，均會導(dǎo)致采用錯(cuò)誤的基礎(chǔ)方案

44、，造成地基不均勻沉降、失穩(wěn)，使上部結(jié)構(gòu)及墻體開裂、破壞、倒塌。</p><p>　?。?）未加固處理好地基。對軟弱土、沖填土、雜填土、濕陷性黃土、膨脹土、巖層出露、溶巖、土洞等不均勻地基未進(jìn)行加固處理或處理不當(dāng)，均是導(dǎo)致重大質(zhì)量問題的原因。必須根據(jù)不同地基的工程特點(diǎn)，按照地基處理應(yīng)與上部結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合，使其共同工作的原則，從地基處理、設(shè)計(jì)措施、結(jié)構(gòu)措施、防水措施、施工措施方面綜合考慮治理。</p>&l

45、t;p>　?。?）設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算問題。設(shè)計(jì)考慮不周，結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造不合理，計(jì)算簡圖不正確，計(jì)算荷載取值過小，內(nèi)力分析有誤，沉降縫及伸縮縫設(shè)置不當(dāng)，懸挑結(jié)構(gòu)未進(jìn)行抗傾覆驗(yàn)等，都是誘發(fā)質(zhì)量問題的隱患。如某擋土墻工程由于設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)未了解清楚工程地質(zhì)情況，施工時(shí)又未對現(xiàn)場情況進(jìn)行核實(shí)，加上施工隊(duì)伍在基礎(chǔ)開挖時(shí)未能及時(shí)將現(xiàn)場地質(zhì)情況反饋給設(shè)計(jì)人員，因此，盡管上部結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工質(zhì)量良好，但因基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)不合理，以至于使用荷載尚未達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)值的一半，擋土墻就出現(xiàn)了滑

46、移和倒塌。又如某圓筒倉開裂事故，也是由于設(shè)計(jì)人員疏忽，在試投產(chǎn)時(shí)就簡壁開裂，致使建筑物建成后不能滿足基本的使用要求。</p><p><b>　　工程項(xiàng)目管理措施</b></p><p>　　1必須建立和完善工程管理責(zé)任體系，明確重點(diǎn)，落實(shí)責(zé)任</p><p>　　建立和完善工程管理責(zé)任體系，關(guān)系工程管理是否順暢、責(zé)任是否明確、運(yùn)作是否有效的問

47、題，是加強(qiáng)工程管理必須首先解決的問題。受薪資質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的限制，象中鐵十七局這樣的大型建筑施工企業(yè)，在今后相當(dāng)一個(gè)時(shí)期，得把生存發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域定位于鐵路、公路、市政等工程建筑市場，這要求企業(yè)必須把企業(yè)做強(qiáng)，把工程干好，提高核心競爭力。企業(yè)改制后，集團(tuán)公司和子公司同為市場主體。以資產(chǎn)為紐帶，不再是行政隸屬關(guān)系，通過建立和完善工程管理責(zé)任體系，把工程管理的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)有效形成一個(gè)整體，協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)作，更顯重要。</p><p>　　2要

48、建立和完善工程處（子公司）為主體的施工管理體制。</p><p>　　這種體制要求工程處亦即子公司必須對施工方案的制定、生產(chǎn)要素的配置、重難點(diǎn)工程的監(jiān)控負(fù)責(zé)。所屬工程項(xiàng)目部主要負(fù)責(zé)施工方案的落實(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)變更、現(xiàn)場日常管理和通通內(nèi)外關(guān)系；集團(tuán)公司指揮部主要抓組織協(xié)調(diào)、重難點(diǎn)工程的突破和監(jiān)控保障，營造外部環(huán)境，注意處理</p><p>　　好與業(yè)主、監(jiān)理、設(shè)計(jì)單位和當(dāng)?shù)卣年P(guān)系；集團(tuán)公司主要抓