28914.毛烏素沙地東南緣人工植被結構與生態(tài)功能研究

1、摘要摘要縱觀國內外關于人工植被的相關研究，多集中于小尺度、單目標和簡單的對比分析研究，而對于如何建立高效、穩(wěn)定、優(yōu)化的人工植被配置模式，怎樣從根本上保證人工植被建設高效發(fā)展，維持結構穩(wěn)定性和功能持續(xù)性等方面缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究?？茖W、系統(tǒng)地對人工植被結構與功能進行綜合評價和有效調控，是當前生態(tài)環(huán)境建設的需求熱點和巫待解決的重大問題。為此，本研究以景觀生態(tài)學、系統(tǒng)工程學和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論為基礎，通過區(qū)域標準地調查與定位試驗相結合、單項技術與綜合配

2、套技術措施相結合、定位對比觀測與實驗分析相結合，應用數(shù)學分析方法和計算機技術，系統(tǒng)地研究了毛烏素沙地東南緣榆林沙區(qū)人工植被的結構配置、生態(tài)功能和調控技術，建立了綜合生態(tài)效益評價指標體系，綜合評價了防風固沙林的生態(tài)功能，提出了適應不同立地類型的人工植被合理結構、優(yōu)化配置模式及調控技術，為科學指導防沙治沙工程的順利實施提供了理論依據(jù)和技術支撐，對區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境建設有著重要的和現(xiàn)實的指導意義。研究成果在區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)處理的科學性、廣泛性、關聯(lián)性和系統(tǒng)

3、性等方面具有一定創(chuàng)新。研究的主要結論為:(1)采用層次分析法、因子分析法和綜合評價模型，從大尺度對榆林沙區(qū)人工植被立地因子進行了綜合評價，按照綜合評價指數(shù)進行了立地分區(qū)劃分和樹種選擇研究，并采用灰色關聯(lián)分析法對主要樹種適宜性進行了評價和排序:灌木為花棒H.scoparium(1.0)踏05Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)沙柳Salixpsammophila(0.84)檸條Caraganakorshinskii(0.83)紫穗槐A

4、morphafruticasaL(0.77)》沙地柏Sabinavulgaris(0.65)喬木依次為合作楊Populusopera(1.0)樟子松PinussylvestrisL.Par.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)側柏Platycladusorientalis(L)Franco(0.66)油松PinustabulueformisCarr(0.60)“4“葉楊PopulussimoniiCarr.(0.58).(2)從植

5、被群落及景觀格局特征與動態(tài)新角度研究了人工植被演替規(guī)律及其機理。研究表明，榆林沙地植被具有明顯的水平層片結構，根據(jù)立地條件的差異，分別形成以踏郎和紫穗槐為優(yōu)勢建群種的兩類群落引起植被群落演替和景觀格局變化的主要驅動因素是水分變化和人類活動在人工林的介入下，沙地植被經歷天然稀疏草本階段—人工灌木固沙林階段—人工灌木天然草本階段—天然草本優(yōu)勢種階段的演替過程，使植被層次結構更加復雜，功能趨于穩(wěn)定。(3)采用動態(tài)仿真理論系統(tǒng)地研究了人工植被的

6、結構配置，提出了基于土地資IABSTRACTStudyonStructureandEcologicalFunctionofArtificialVegetationinSoutheasternMarginofMaowusuSandLandDoctoralCandiadate:GaoGuoxiong(SpecialtyofEcologyandEnvironmentEngineer)Directed衍ProfessorZhouXincheng

7、ABSTRACTTakingawholeviewofthedomesticresearchesontheartificialvegetationmostofthemareconcentratedonsmallscalesingleobjectandsimplecontrastthestu勿ontheestablishmentofanefficientstableandoptimizationartificialvegetationmod

8、elonthemethodsofhowtoensuretheartificialvegetationdevelopeficientlyandmaintainthestructurestableandthefunctionsustainabledevelopmentarelackofsystemicresearch.Todaycomprehensivelyevaluatingandefectivelyregulatingthestabil

9、itystructureandecologicalfunctionofartificialvegetationisahotresearchspotandnedtobedissolvedinthefieldofecologyandenvironmentconstruction.Thereforebasedontheoriesoflandscapeecologysystemsengineeringandsustainabledevelopm

10、entaccordingtocombingstandardplotinvestigationandpermanentplotobservationsingletechnologyandcorrespondingtechnologylocatedobservationandexperimentalanalysismathematicalmethodsandcomputertechnologytoanalyzethestructurecon

11、figurationecologicalfunctionandcontroltechnologyofartificialvegetationofYulindesertinthesoutheasternmarginofMaowususandlandestablishthecomprehensiveindexessystemofecologicalbenefitsevaluationevaluatetheecologicalfunction

12、ofsandbindingandwindcontrollingputforwardthereasonablestructureoptimizeallocationmodeandcontroltechnologyfordiferentartificialvegetationsprovideatheoreticalfoundationandtechnologicalsupportforimplementationofantidesertif

13、icationprojectalltheseworkareveryimportantandhaveagreatsignificanceinguid噸thepracticefortheconstrictionofecologicalenvironment.Theresearchresultsareinnovativeinsomeaspectssuchasscienceuniversalityrelevancyandsystemicaspe

14、ct.Themainconclusionsshowasfollowing:(1)TakingtheapproachoflevelanalysisfactoranalysisandcomprehensiveevaluationmodeltocomprehensivelyevaluatethevegetationsitefactorsofYulindesertinlargescaleaccordingtothecomprehensivein

15、dextoimplementthesiteareadivisionandthesuitabletrespecieschosen妙usingthegrayinterrelatedanalyticalmethodtoevaluatethemainspeciessuitabilitytheorderoftheshrubisH.scoparium(1.0)Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)Salixpsanunophila(0.84)Ca

16、raganakorshinskii(0.83)AmorphafruticasaL(0.77)Sabinavulgaris(0.65)andthesuitabilityorderofthearboris:Populusopera(1.0)PinussylvestrisL.Yar.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)Platycladusorientalis(L.)Franco(0.66)PinustabulueformisCam(0